22 research outputs found
Why Simpler Computer Simulation Models Can Be Epistemically Better for Informing Decisions
For computer simulation models to usefully inform climate risk management, uncertainties in model projections must be explored and characterized. Because doing so requires running the model many ti..
Heterogeneous Vulnerability of Zero-Carbon Power Grids under Climate-Technological Changes
The transition to decarbonized energy systems has become a priority at
regional, national and global levels as a critical strategy to mitigate carbon
emissions and therefore climate change. However, the vulnerabilities of the
proposed zero-carbon power grid under climatic and technological changes have
not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we focus on modeling the
zero-carbon grid using a dataset that captures a broad variety of future
climatic-technological scenarios, with New York State (NYS) as a case study. By
accurately capturing the topology and operational constraints of the power
grid, we identify spatiotemporal heterogeneity in vulnerabilities arising from
the interplay of renewable resource availability, high load, and severe
transmission line congestion. Our findings reveal a need for 30-65\% more firm,
zero-emission capacity to ensure system reliability. Merely increasing wind and
solar capacity is ineffective in improving reliability due to the spatial and
temporal variations in vulnerabilities. This underscores the importance of
considering spatiotemporal dynamics and operational constraints when making
decisions regarding additional investments in renewable resources.Comment: This work will be submitted to Nature Energy for possible
publication. The structure of sections has been tailored to meet the
formatting requirements of Nature Energy. Copyright may be transferred
without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl
Probabilistic projections of baseline twenty-first century CO2 emissions using asimplecalibrated integrated assessment model
Probabilistic projections of baseline (with no additional mitigation policies) future carbon emissions are important for sound climate risk assessments. Deep uncertainty surrounds many drivers of projected emissions. Here, we use a simple integrated assessment model, calibrated to century-scale data and expert assessments of baseline emissions, global economic growth, and population growth, to make probabilistic projections of carbon emissions through 2100. Under a variety of assumptions about fossil fuel resource levels and decarbonization rates, our projections largely agree with several emissions projections under current policy conditions. Our global sensitivity analysis identifies several key economic drivers of uncertainty in future emissions and shows important higher-level interactions between economic and technological parameters, while population uncertainties are less important. Our analysis also projects relatively low global economic growth rates over the remainder of the century. This illustrates the importance of additional research into economic growth dynamics for climate risk assessment, especially if pledged and future climate mitigation policies are weakened or have delayed implementations. These results showcase the power of using a simple, transparent, and calibrated model. While the simple model structure has several advantages, it also creates caveats for our results which are related to important areas for further research
Probabilistic projections of baseline twenty-first century CO2 emissions using a simple calibrated integrated assessment model
Probabilistic projections of baseline (with no additional mitigation policies) future carbon emissions are important for sound climate risk assessments. Deep uncertainty surrounds many drivers of projected emissions. Here, we use a simple integrated assessment model, calibrated to century-scale data and expert assessments of baseline emissions, global economic growth, and population growth, to make probabilistic projections of carbon emissions through 2100. Under a variety of assumptions about fossil fuel resource levels and decarbonization rates, our projections largely agree with several emissions projections under current policy conditions. Our global sensitivity analysis identifies several key economic drivers of uncertainty in future emissions and shows important higher-level interactions between economic and technological parameters, while population uncertainties are less important. Our analysis also projects relatively low global economic growth rates over the remainder of the century. This illustrates the importance of additional research into economic growth dynamics for climate risk assessment, especially if pledged and future climate mitigation policies are weakened or have delayed implementations. These results showcase the power of using a simple, transparent, and calibrated model. While the simple model structure has several advantages, it also creates caveats for our results which are related to important areas for further research